In the 1990s, the Chinese government’s crackdown on Uyghur’s cultural and religious identity escalated, resulting in two significant protests by Uyghurs. The demonstration in Baren Township in April 1990 initially began as peaceful protests by Uyghurs but escalated into violence when clashes broke out between the demonstrators and the Chinese security forces. 16 Uyghurs were killed and 6 others were severely wounded.

In early 1997,  in Ghulja there was another peaceful demonstration by Uyghur residents. The protesters called for greater autonomy, religious freedom, and an end to cultural assimilation. As the demonstrations gained momentum, the Chinese government declared martial law and deployed security forces, including the People's Liberation Army (PLA) and police, to suppress the protests. On February 5, 1997, the security forces opened fire on a large crowd of Uyghur protesters who had gathered in Ghulja's central square. It was reported that the Chinese security forces used live ammunition and tear gas to disperse the demonstrators. The crackdown resulted in hundreds of deaths and injuries among the protesters. Following the violent suppression, the Chinese authorities arrested thousands of Uyghurs suspected of involvement in the protests and sentenced hundreds of them to death. 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jBr3CRoBQFc&t=122s